Tellurian.



3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Patented Mar. 9

.w im

MRLQ.

THE MORRIS PETERS C0.. PHoTo-LITHD., WASHINGIUN, D

W. PARK.

TBLLURIAN.

APPLIOATION FILED AUG. 1s, 1913.

Lmw Patented Mar.9,1915.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2V NORRIS PETERS CO., PHo'roJJv-HO., wAaHANG roN, D. CA

W. PARK.

TELLURIAN.

APPLIUATION FILED AUG. 1a, 1913.v

Mwlw ,Patented Mar. 9, 1915.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

www@

WITNESSEI INVENTOR.

BY MPM i a. MK @scam/W@ HT TOHN EY.

THF IORR, F 1 FRS Ca, P NDTOALITHQ. wASHlNGroN. L'

WILLIAM LPARK, OF BRANTFORD, ONTARIO, CANADA.

TELLURIAN.

Speccation of Letters ."E'atent.

Patented Mar.. 9, 1915..

Application led August 18, 1913. Serial No. 785,345.

To all 'whom' t may concern.'

Be it known that l, WILLIAM PARK, of the city of Brantford, Province ofOntario, Canada, have invented certain new and u seful Improvements inTellurians, of which the following is a specification.

rFliese improvements relate to devices for displaying the relativemovements of the sun, earth and moon and the various phenomena whichresult from said movements and the respective natures of the saidbodies, and particularly to improvements in the apparatus disclosed andclaimed in United States application No. 67 6,805 filed February 10th,1912.

My object is to improve the construction oit the earth and moon globesto provide means for illustrating the phenomena of total and annularsolar eclipses and to provide means for illustrating the phenomena ofwinds and climate.

vWith this object in View, my invention consists in the constructionshereinafter described and then specilically claimed.

Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, of my improvedtellurian. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same. Fig. 3 is a verticalsection of part of the gearing for imparting the necessary movements tothe earth and moon. Fig. 4 is a vertical section of' the -upper part ofthe gearing, shown in Fig. 3,

with connecting gearing complete. Fig. 5 is a side elevation showingparts of the connecting gearing separated. Fig. 6 is a plan view of thegearing shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 7 is a plan view or" the eccentric and itsconnection for giving the moons orbit its proper inclination. Fig. 8 isa 'front elevation of the primary gearing for driving the apparatus.Fig. 9 is a rear view on a smaller scale of the shield of the sphererepresenting the earth. Fig. 10 is a plan view of the cam giving theeccentric orbit for the earth. Figs. 11 and 12 are details illustratingthe means for giving a periodic tilt to the dark hemisphere of the moon.Fig. 13 is a side elevation of the climatic indicator in position on theearth globe, and Fig. 14 is a front elevation oi' the same.

ln the drawings like numerals of reference indicate corresponding partsin the different figures.

Referring particularly to Figs. 1 and 2, 1 represents a suitable standon which is supported a stationary crown wheel 2 preterably cut with 365teeth. 3 is a spindle supporting a sphere 4 representing the sun. Thismay be either opaque and colored to represent the sun, or elsetranslucent and provided in its interior with an electric lamp 5 orother source of illumination. On

the spindle 3 is journaled the arm 6 carrying the earth and moon ashereinafter' described. Withinthis arm is journaled a shaft 7 havingsecured thereto adjacent the crown wheel 2 a pinion 8 meshing with thegear wheel 9 secured to the spindle 10 journaled in a bracket 11depending from the arm 6. rlhis spindle has secured thereto, the pinion12 meshing with the crown wheel 2. The spindle 10 carries the sleeve 13loose thereon, but engageable for driving purposes with the gear wheel 9through the medium of the clutch 14, half of which is formed on thesleeve and the other half on the hub of the gear wheel. When the clutchis engaged as shown in Fig. 1, the arm 6 may be rotated about thespindle 3 by operating the crank arm 15 secured to the sleeve 13.

rlhe shaft 7 has secured thereto, the gear wheel 16 meshing with thepinion 17 fast on a spindle 18 journaled in suitable bearings on the arm6. rilhis spindle by means of the bevel O'earing 19 drives the sleeve 20journaled on the spindle 3 and carrying the pointer 21 which is thusmovable over the face of a 24 hour dial 22 supported from the arm 6.rl`he gearing is so proportioned that the pointer completes a circuit ofthe dial during such time as the arm 6 has been moved one three hundredand sixty-fifth part of a revolution about the spindle 3. As,particularly for the purpose of teaching time it is sometimes desirableto be able to impart a slow movement to the pointer 21 l provide thesleeve 13 with the gear wheel 23 which through an endwise movement ofthe sleeve can be brought directly into mesh with the gear wheel 16. A.much slower drive is thus given to the shaft 7 and consequently to ,thepointer 21 than when the driving is through the medium of the gears 8and 9. These latter, oi course, continue to rotate giving a very slowmovement to the arm 6.

The earth and moon are carried on the arm 6 and their movements impartedto them from the shaft 7 through the medium of the construction l willnow describe.

A bracket 24 is formed at the end of the arm 6 and this bracket carriesthe vertical stationary sleeve 25. In this sleeve is journaled thespindle 26 which has the bevel gear wheel 27 secured to its upper end.The lower end of the spindle is driven by the bevel gearing 84 from thespindle 7. Surrounding the upper end of the spindle 26 is a sleeve 28 towhich is secured the bracket 29 in which is journaled the polar aXis 30of the earth. This polar axis is set at the proper inclination andcarries the bevel gear Wheel 31 meshing with the bevel gear Wheel 5.8fast on the spindle 64 journaled in the bracket 29 and having securedthereto the bevel gear wheel meshing with the bevel gear wheel 27. Thepolar axis of the earth may thus be rotated once to one revolution ofthe pointer 21 representing 24 hours or one day. (See Fig. 3). As thepolar axis must be maintained in a constant direction while the arm 6 isbeing rotated about the spindle 3 gearing must be provided for thatpurpose. The lower end of the sleeve 28 has the gear wheel 32 securedthereto. This gear wheel meshes with the pinion 33 secured to andrevolving with the gear wheel 34 suitably journaled on the casing 35.(See Figs. 4, 5 and 6); rlhis gear Wheel 34 has meshing therewith thepinion 36 fast on the spindle 37 journaled in the casing 35. Thisspindle carries the gear wheel 38 meshing with the pinion 39 fast on thespindle 26. Through the train of gearing described the sleeve 28 is sorotated as to maintain the polar axis of the earth pointing in aconstant direction in space. Y

Before describing the specific construction of the earth I will fullydescribe the remaining gearing which is used to impart the necessarymovements to the moon.

'Below the pinion 39 is located the gear wheel`40 secured to the sleeve4l surrounding the stationary sleeve 25. The lower end of this sleevecarries the eccentric 42. Below the gear wheel 40 is located the gearwheel 43 secured to the sleeve 44 surrounding the sleeve 41. This sleeve44 carries the bracket 45 on which is hinged the arm 47 carrying themoon. This arm 47 is pivoted at its outer end to the sleeve 48. By thuspivoting the arm 47 a vertical rocking movement may be imparted theretoto give the desired inclination of the moons orbit. The rocking movementis imparted through the medium of the eccentric strap 49 connected bymeans of a suitable universal joint with the depending arm 50 formed onthe arm 47. The gear wheels 40 and 43 are actuated to give the desiredmovements to the sleeve 44 and the sleeve 48 through the medium of thegearing which will be now described.

0n the spindle 37 is secured the pinion 51 meshing directly with thegear wheel 43 on the sleeve 44. On the spindle 37 is also secured thepinion 52 which meshes with the gear wheel 53 suitably journaled on thecasing 35 and having secured thereto the pinion 54 which meshes with thegear wheel 40 secured to the sleeve 4l. These gears are all suitablyproportioned to give the proper timing to the various motions desired.

The sleeve 48 is maintained in its vertical position while the arm 47 isbeing rocked through the medium of the eccentric by means of a parallelmotion device constructed substantially as follows: The lower end of thesleeve is pivotally connected to the arm 55, the inner end of which ispivotally connected with the sleeve 56, -tree to revolve on thestationary sleeve 25.

The moon is formed of an outer translucent sphere 57 which is secured tothe upper end of the sleeve 48. Thus as the sleeve is carried around theearth the same side of the transparent sphere 57 is presented to theearth which, of course, represents actual conditions. To represent thephases of the moon I employ an inner hemisphere 58. This will have itsoutside dark and the inside white or reflecting and a light may beinserted to illuminate the interior. As an alternative a sphere may beemployed having one dark and one translucent hemisphere. To representthe phases ol the moon, the dark hemisphere must be maintainedconstantly pointing away from the sun. For this purpose the followinggearing is employed: 'Vithin the sleeve 48 is journaled the tubularspindle GO the upper end of which carries the hemisphere 58 and thelower end of which is connected by bevel gearing 6l with the spindle G2journaled in the arm 55. The inner end of the spindle is provided withthe bevel pinion G3 meshing with the stationary bevel gear G4 secured tothe stationary sleeve 25. To permit of the rocking movement of the arm55 it is necessary that its pivot be located as nearly as possible inline with the intersection of the pitch circles on the bevel gearing. Ialso provide means for tilting the hemisphere 58 to represent thedierent inclinations of the crescent phase of the moon at dill'erentseasons. For this purpose T support the hemisphere from the tubularspindle GO by means of the yoke 72 in which is journaled the cross wire73 connected at its ends to the hemisphere 58. A crank arm 74 is securedto the wire and is pivotally connected at its other end of the rod 75which passes through the tubular spindle G0 and at its lower end restson the rod 76 projecting from the end of the spindle 62. As the moon israised or lowered in its orbit the end of the rod 7G rises and descendsrelative to the pivot between the tubes 48 and 62 and thus pushes therod 75 up and down and causes the tilting of the dark hemisphere 58. Ttwill be noted that a loop 77 is provided in the wire 78 secured to thewire 73 which loop serves to support a candle to illuminate the moonsphere 57.

rfhe earth is constructed substantially as follows: The polar axis issecured to a sphere 65 which is of reflecting material so as to form aspherical mirror and has outlined thereon the land surfaces of the globeand such other of the physical characteristics of the earth as may seemdesirable. rlhis sphere thus rotates with the polar axis. rlhe sphere ispreferably of polished metal, the land and water surfaces being ofcontrasted colors. Outside the sphere 65 is located the hemisphericalhood 66. rlhis hood will be made of a reflecting material, preferably ofpolished metal7 to reflect the sun and moon globes. This hood ispreferably darkened inside or unpolished and is connected, as shown, tothe bracket 67 secured to the casing 35. This casing and sleeve maintaina constant position relative to the arm 6 and therefore the dark insideof the hemisphere 66 will always be presented toward the sun and as thedark inside of its rim is reflected in the sphere 65 an exactrepresentation is given of the illuminated and non-illuminated portionsof the earth surface, the circle of transition being sharply defined.

To enable the phenomenon of annular eclipses to be properly shown it isnecessary that the earths orbit be elliptical. l secure this ellipticityof the earths orbit by making the arm 6 and the spindle 7 telescopic andby providing means for extending and contracting the arm 6 as it isrotated about the sun sphere. In Fig. 1 l show the part 6at of the armsleeve within the other part and provided with a finger 7 9 projectingthrough a slot 80. rlhis finger engages in an eccentric cam groove 83carried on the crown wheel 2 which cam groove thus entends and retractsthe part 6*- of the arm as desired. rlhe spindle 7 is made with atelescopic joint 81 as shown so that it will accommodate itself to thevarying length of the arm 6. A pin 85 on the part 6a engaging in a slot82 in the outer part 6 of the arm may be employed to steady the twoparts and aid in keeping them in proper alinement. llhen the reflectionof the sun globe in the earth globe is eclipsed by the passage of themoon between the earth and the sun the eclipse will be either annular ortotal according to the distance of the earth from the sun which dependson the elongation and contraction of the arm 6. Properly speaking themoons orbit should also be eccentric to represent nocturnal conditions,but it is not readily practicable to represent this, and as theappearance of the phenomenon of an annular eclipse can be represented bymaking the earths orbit only eccentric, l prefer to avoid furthercomplication.

'lhe climatic indicator is illustrated more particularly in Figs. 13 and14. This indicator comprises a meridian 87, which is so supported as tobe constantly directed to the sun. Preferably the meridian is supportedfrom the casing 35 which supports the hood 66. rlihis meridian has aring 88 formed at the center, the opening in which is of a suflicientsize to permit of the passage of the rays forming the reflected image ofthe sun on the earth globe. rlhe center of this opening is therefore, ofcourse located in a line joining the centers of the earth and sunglobes. By suitably marking the meridian as for example by differencesof color, the differences of variations in the insolation of the earthssurface may be readily indicated. F or a distance of about 22B-.lftherefore on each side of the center, the meridian is colored red to.indicate the portion of the carthls surface where the suns rays areperpendicular to the earths surface or almost so. For a distance ofabout 9.50 from each end the meridian is painted white to indicate thepart of the earths surface where the suns rays strike most obliquely andapproximately to indicate the position of the snow line on the earthssurface at any season that is the lower limit in latitude where snowwill usually fall or exist at that season at the surface sea level.intermediate the red and white portions, the meridian is colored greento indicate the portion of the earths surface where the suns rays strikemore obliquely than under the part of the meridian painted red and lessobliquely than under the parts painted white.

To enable the phenomenon of the trade winds and the return currents fromthe equator to be represented I provide the arches 90 which areconnected to slides 91 movable along the meridian. The inner ends of thearches are separated by an arc of about 50 of the meridian which isapproximately the width of the equatorial belt commonly known as thedoldrums The northern arch subtends an angle of about 240 and thesouthern arch about 270 as the south eastern trade wind belt is somewhatwider than the belt of the north east trades. rlhe slidability of thearches is of great iniportance the seasonal shift in latitude of thetrade winds is very small compared to the shift of the heat equator orbelt on the earths surface where the sun is overhead at noon. The heatequator shifts 47o but the trade winds shift only from 8 to 9, thereforethe arches must be shifted up or down on the meridian to indicate theproper positions of the trade wind belts. To assist in the accurateadjustment of this slidable system which may be termed a trade windindicator l prefer to graduate the meridian 87 as shown. rlhe directionof the trade winds is indicated by arrows 89 preferably pivoted, whichare carried by the bars 92 connecting the slides 91. Other arrows 93 aresituated in various positions along the meridian which are used toindicate the direction of the-winds at different parts of the earthssurface. The close set arrows adj acent the poles are used to representthe direction of the polar surface currents. Those set higher up areused to indicate the direction of the upper currents. The arches 90 areset with arrows 94E pointing away from the equatorial belt which serveto indicate the course followed by the heated air rising from theequatorial belt which comes back to the surface, just outside the beltsof the trade winds in what are known as the horse latitudes. 'lhemeridian being set to remain in a constant position relative to the sun,the position of the heat equator relative to the earths surface isindicated at any time, and also the position of the zones on the earthssurfac'e where torrid, temperate or frigid climatic conditions exist,and as the arches are movable, by setting them according to availabletables, the winds of the earth may be graphically demonstrated.

Briefly, with this device the following main phenomena are illustrated:-1. The actual changing of the seasons during the year at differentparts of the earths surface.

2. The circulation of the air on the globe and its usual changes. 3. Theclimatic results from the air circulation and variations caused by thedisposition of the land sur faces of the globe. 4. `The actual shiftingof the heat Zones during the year which enables the teacher to correctany false ideas derived from the customary classification of climate bymeans of the five fixed Zones.

From the various mechanisms described it follows that the earth may berotated around the sun in a period representing 365 days while thepointer 21 has moved 365 times around the dial 22. At the same time themoon has been revolved l2 times about the earth, constantly maintainingthe same side of the outer sphere 57 presented to the earth and the darkside of the inner hemisphere` 58 away from the sun. At the same time thesphere 57 has been raised and lowered to give its orbit the desiredinclination of 5.9 degrees to the orbit of the earth. The direction ofinclination also remains constant relative to the earths axis so thatthe phenomenon of eclipse seasons is well represented. Eclipse seasonsare those times when the conjunction of the sun and moon occurs within160 of thernode, when solar eclipses may occur, and when the linesunmoon earth makes an angle of less than 110 with the line of nodeswhen lunar eclipses may occur. In each year there are two eclipseseasons of about one month each. The sphere representing the earthssurface has also been rotating synchronously with the pointer 21.

An important result of the special construction of the earth is that onthe surface of the sphere the reflection of the moon may be seen and thereflections exhibit exactly the appearance of the moon in the sky as itpasses through its various phases from new to full. This is true whetherthe moon be between the sun and the earth or the earth between the sunand the moon. For the purpose of indicating the phenomenon of a lunareclipse, the center of the exterior of the hood 6G may have a darknonreflective or opaque circular patch formed thereon. When thereflection of the full moon approaches this patch it graduallydisappears and the phenomenon of an eclipse is represented as indicatedin Fig. 9. Another advantage follows from the use of this reflectingsphere (i5, that is, to an observer` standing in the position of the sunsphere Lf the latter is seen reflected in this sphere 65 and theposition of the sun relative to the equator at any time of the year isactually seen.

lVhile it would be easy to elaborate the description of the variousfunctions of this apparatus, suflice it to say that substantially 'allthe relative movements of the sun, moon and earth may be represented andall the phenomena resulting therefrom satisfactorily shown andexplained. Many phenomena are shown as observed from two points of view.On the reflecting surface of the earth they appear as seen from theearth, while the observer at the same time sees them as they wouldappear from a view point in space, this making it possible to widen thescope of the teaching of astronomical geography in public schools. Themechanism itself is simple, positive, automatic and chain drive isavoided. The climatic indicator provides simple means for indicating theclimatic results following from the constantly changing position of thesun relative to the earths equator.

That claim as my invention is 1. ln a tellurian, the combination of anearth globe comlnising a highly reflecting spherical mirror; an inclinedaxis on which said sphere is journaled', means for rotating the saidsphere on its axis; a bright sun globe; and means for carrying thereflecting sphere about the sun globe while its axis is maintained in aconstant direction in space.

2. In a tellurian, an earth globe comprising a highly reflectingspherical mirror in combination with a bright sun globe; means forcarrying the reflecting sphere about the sun globe; a hemispherical hoodhaving a mirror-like outer surface supported about the earth globe withits circular edge in a vertical plane substantially intersecting theearths center; a moon globe; means for carrying the moon globe about theearth globe;

lll

and means whereby the hood is constantly maintained with its convexsurface directed away from the sun the earth globe is carried about thelatter'.

3. ln a tellurian, an earth globe compris ing a. highly reflectingspherical mirror in combination with a bright sun globe; means forcarrying the reflecting sphere about the sun globe; a moon globe; meansfor carrying the moon globe about the earth globe, the sun and moonglobes being so proportioned and placed as to give reflected imagesapproximately the same size; and means for giving ellipticity to theearths orbit to vary the relative size of the reflected images of thesun and moon globes.

4:. ln a tellurian, an earth globe com* prising a highly reflectingspherical mirror in combination with a bright sun globe; means forcarrying the reflecting sphere about the sun globe; a moon globe; meansfor carrying the moon globe about the earth globe; a hemispherical hoodhaving a mirror-like outer surface supported about the earth globe withits circular edge in a vertical plane substantially intersecting theearths centers; means whereby the hood is constantly maintained with itsconvex surface directed away from the sun as the earth globe is carriedabout the latter; and a dark non-reflecting spot formed at the center ofthe convex surface of the hood.

5. ln a tellurian, the combination of a sun globe; an earth globe; meansfor carrying the earth globe about the sun globe; a moon globecomprising an outer translucent sphere and an inner dark hemisphere;means for carrying the moon globe as a whole about the earth globe in anorbit inclined to the earths orbit and with its dark hemisphereconstantly directed away from the sun globe; and means for automaticallytilting the darli hemisphere as the moon globe rises and falls in itsorbit.

6. ln a tellurian, the combination of a sun globe; an earth globejournaled on an inclined axis; means for carrying the earth globe aboutthe sun globe with its axis maintained in a constant direction in space;and a climatic indicator` comprising a meridian suitably supportedadjacent the earth globe adapted to be constantly directed toward thesun and having the same part of its outer surface always intersected bythe plane of the earths orbit the meridian bearing indicia to indicatezones of diderent degrees of insolation of the earth surface.

'l'. lfn a tellurian, the combination of a sun globe; an earth globejournaled on an inclined axis; means for carrying the earth globe aboutthe sun globe with its axis maintained in a constant direction in space;and a climatic indicator comprising a meridian suitably supportedadjacent the earth globe adapted to be constantly directed toward thesun and having the same part of its outer surface always intersected bythe plane of the earths orbit, the meridian being provided with anaperture, the center of which is located in the line joining the centersof the sun and earth globes.

8. ln a tellurian, the combination of a sun globe; an earth globejournaled on an inclined axis; means for carrying the earth globe aboutthe sun globe with its axis maintained in a constant direction in space;and a climatic indicator comprising a meridian suitably supportedadjacent the earth globe adapted to be constantly directed toward thesun and having the same part of its outer surface intersected by theplane of the earths orbit, the meridian being provided with an aperture,the center of which is located in the line joining the centers of thesun and earth globes, the meridian also bearing indicia to indicateZones of dilferent degrees of insolation of the earth surface.

9. ln a tellurian, the combination with an earth globe journaled on aninclined axis of' a climatic indicator comprising a meridian bearingindicia to indicate zones of different degrees of insolation of theearth surface; the earth globe and meridian being so supported that arelative rotary movement of the two is obtainable on a substantiallyvertical axis.

10. ln a tellurian, the combination with an earth globe journaled on aninclined axis of a climatic indicator comprising a meridian providedwith a series of arrows to indicate the direction of travel of aircurrents, the earth globe and meridian being so supported that arelative rotary move ment of the two is obtainable on a substantiallyvertical axis.

l1. In a tellurian; the combination with an earth globe journaled on aninclined axis orn a climatic indicator comprising a meridian providedwith a series of pivoted arrows to indicate the direction of travel ofair currents, the earth globe and meridian being so supported that arelative rotary movement of the two is obtainable on a substantiallyvertical axis.

l2. ln a tellurian, the combination with an earth globe journaled on aninclined axis of a climatic indicator comprising a meridian carryingarches one at each side ot the center to indicate the movements ot theheated air rising from the equatorial climatic belt of the earthssurface; the earth globe and meridian being so supported that a relativerotary movement oi' the two is obtainable on a substantially verticalaxis.

18. ln a tellurian; the combination with an earth globe journaled on aninclined axis of a climatic indicator comprising a meridian carryingarches one at each side of the center provided with arrows to indicatethe movements of the heated air rising from the equatorial climatic beltof the earths surface, the earth globe and meridian beingso supportedthat a relative rotary movement of the two is obtainable on asubstantially vertical axis.

Y14C. In a tellurian, the combination with an earth globe journaled onan inclined axis of a climatic indicator comprising a meridian bearingindicia to indicate Zones of different degrees oitl insolation of theearth surface and provided with a series ot arrows to indicate thedirection of travel of air currents, and carrying arches one at eachside of the center to indicate the movements of the heated air risingfrom the quatorial climatic belt of the earths surace.

15. In a tellurian, the combination with an earth globe journaled on aninclined axis of a climatic indicator comprising a meridian'bearingindicia to indicate zones of different degrees of insolation of theearth surface'and provided with a series of pivoted arrows to indicatethe direction of travel of air currents, and carrying arches one ateachside of the center to indicate the movements of the heated air risingfrom the equatorial climatic belt of the earths surface.

16. In a tellurian, the combination with an earth globe of a climaticindicator comprising a meridian suitably supported relative to theglobe; slidable means movable lengthwise thereon forming a trade windindicator and provided with arrows to indicate the direction of thetrade winds.

17. In a tellurian7 the combination with an earth globe of a climaticindicator comprising a meridian suitably supported relative to theglobe; slidable means movable lengthwise thereon forming a trade Windindicator and provided with arrows to indicate the direction of thetrade winds, the trade wind indicator subtending approximately an angleof 570.

18. In a tellurian, the combination with an earth globe of a climaticindicator comprising a meridian suitably supported relative to theglobe; slidable means movable lengthwise thereon forming a trade windindicator, the trade wind indicator subtending approximately an angle of57.

19. In a tellurian, the combination with an earth globe of a climaticindicator comprising a meridian suitably supported relative to theglobe; slidable means movable lengthwise thereon forming a trade Windindicator and provided with arches to indicate the course of the heatedair rising from the equatorial climatic belt of the earths surface, theinner ends of said arches being separated by a space to indicate theapproximate width of said belt.

Toronto this 5th day of Aug. 1913.

WILLIAM PARK.

Signed in the presence of- J. EDW. MAYBEE, E. P. HALL.

Copies ofV this patent may be obtained for nve cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. C.

